Health Benefits and Uses of Wild Mint

Created by philiHealth | 17/01/2021 | Health & Wellness |

Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)

Wild Mint also called Corn Mint or Field Mint, scientifically known as Mentha arvensis,, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Mentha genus in the mint family Lamiaceae. It has a circum-boreal distribution, being native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya, eastern Siberia, and North America. Was introduced by the Spaniards and widely cultivated to some extent in all parts of the Philippines. It is one of 10 Plants approved by the The Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines. Wild Mint is grown throughout the world from North America to Asia. The plant takes the form of a sprawling, mat-forming perennial, and is especially abundant close to the coast. Mentha canadensis, the related species, is also included in Mentha arvensis by some authors as two varieties, Mentha arvensis var. glabrata Fernald (North American plants such as American Wild Mint) and Mentha arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex L. H. Bailey (eastern Asian plants such as Japanese Mint, Yerba Buena or common called Brook Mint, Banana Mint, Tule Mint, European Corn Mint or Japanese Peppermint). Yerba Buena means "good herb" in Spanish and until 1847 was the name of San Francisco.

Wild Mint is a rambling aromatic, herbaceous perennial plant that grows about 10–60 cm (3.9–23.6 in) tall and rarely up to 100 cm (39 in) tall. The plant is found growing in arable land, heaths, damp edges of woods, wet marshes, shores meadows, thickets, and stream and lake margins in the lowland and montane zone, cattle yards, Waste ground, along ditches, fens, moist prairies, sedge meadows, calcareous fens, shrub-carrs, alder thickets and disturbed sites that have adequate moisture provide good habitat and normally prefers moist organic soils. The plant has a creeping root stock from which grow brownish, green to green stem that is ascending or erect, 4-sided, mostly hairless or short-hairy, with oblong shaped leaves with toothed margins. Flowers are hairy and the color is bluish to purplish with axillary head like whorls.

Wild Mint is more popular for its culinary application because of its minty flavor. Used in salads and as flavor for cooking foods. Its aroma is also used for scents and fragrances. Leaves of this herbal plant have a fresh minty flavor and are used for culinary and medicinal purposes. The essential oil extracted from the leaves also has many uses.

Bible verse related to Herbs For Healing:"Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone" - Matthew 23:23.

Health Benefits of Wild Mint

Wild Mint has long been used as a folk remedy for a broad range of ailments. It is a universal herbal remedy for various health problems, where the traditional Romans and Greeks used these miraculous leaves for treating indigestion, colic, pain and respiratory illnesses. The primordial Europeans used Mint leaves for dealing with gall bladder disorders, flatulence, cough and other digestive mayhems. As a nourishing appetizer, Mint has been used in various mouth-watering dishes across the world including the cuisines of India, Asian subcontinent; Middle East, America and Britain. Wild Mint has been found to have powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidative effects.

English physician, Dr. James Parkinson states “Mintes are sometimes used in Baths with Balm and other herbs as a help to comfort and strengthen the nerves and sinews. It is much used either outwardly applied or inwardly drunk to strengthen and comfort weak stomackes".

“It is comfortable for the head and memory, and a decoction when used as a gargle, cures the mouth and gums, when sore. Garden Mint is most useful to wash children’s heads when the latter are inclined to sores, and Wild Mint, mixed with vinegar is an excellent wash to get rid of scurf. Rose leaves and mint, heated and applied outwardly cause rest and sleep”, said Nicholas Culpepper, the 17th century herbalist and physician.

Pliny the Elder, the Roman Natural philosopher says “The smell of Mint does stir up the minde and the taste to a greedy desire of meate. It will not suffer milk to cruddle in the stomach, and therefore it is put in milk that is drunke, lest those that drinke thereof should be strangled".

Digestive Disorders:

Wild Mint has long been used as a folk remedy for a broad range of ailments, including gastrointestinal problems and has been found to have powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidative effects. Michael T. Murray, naturopath and the known author of “The Encyclopedia of healing foods” says that Mentha oil calm down the muscles and walls of the stomach and intestines, which aids in alleviating indigestion, abdominal cramps and pain associated with irritation and irregular bowel movements.

Massaging your abdomen with 4 drops of Wild Mint oil, 2 drops of Marjoram oil and 2 ounces of Coconut oil can assist in relieving flatulence, bloating, motion sickness, belching, heartburn, abdominal spasms and peristalsis with its stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, stomachic and anti-flatulent properties.

Indigestion (Dyspepsia):

Wild Mint has long been used to provide relief for abdominal pain, indigestion, loss of appetite, passage of gas, diarrhea and stomach ache. It is known to relax the digestive tract muscles. It can help relax the gastrointestinal tract, which will ease digestion and can reduce flatulence. Some find yerba buena tea to be helpful when suffering from diarrhea or constipation as it helps balance pH levels in the stomach and reduces inflammation.

This herb has been known to act as one of the great appetisers and is known to promote the process of digestion. It tends to prevent any digestive issues such as inflammation or constipation caused due to poor digestive health.

A study considered the applications of Wild Mint in hyperactive gut disorders, and it was found that crude Wild Mint extract inhibited spontaneous gut contractions due to its calcium-channel blocking activity.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):

It can help treat digestive problems, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a common large intestine disease characterized by bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. One of the Yerba Buena plant benefits that is most appreciated is its ability to relieve abdominal pain.

A study reported that individuals who have been experiencing abdominal pain (resulting from IBS) found significant relief after using Yerba Buena (Wild Mint).

A 2010 study published in The Digestive Diseases and Sciences Journal has concluded that Wild Mint oil considerably lessened pain in the abdomen and enhanced the lives of people suffering from IBS.

Gastric Ulcer:

A 2009 study "Studies on activity of various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn against drug induced gastric ulcer in mammals" published in World J Gastrointest Oncol by Ramesh L Londonkar, Pramod V Poddar, examined the antiulcerogenic effects of various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn on acid, ethanol and pylorus ligated ulcer models in rats and mice. There was a decrease in gastric secretion and ulcer index among the treated groups i.e. petroleum ether 53.4%, chloroform 59.2%, aqueous 67.0% and in standard drug 68.7% when compared to the negative control. In the 0.6 mol/L HCl induced ulcer model in rats n = 6 there was a reduction in ulcerative score in animals receiving petroleum ether 50.5%, chloroform 57.4%, aqueous 67.5% and standard. drug 71.2% when compared to the negative control. In the case of the 90% ethanol-induced ulceration model n = 6 in mice, there was a decrease in ulcer score in test groups of petroleum ether 53.11%, chloroform 62.9%, aqueous 65.4% and standard drug ranitidine 69.7% when compared to the negative control. It was found that pre-treatment with various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn in three rat/mice ulcer models ie ibuprofen plus pyloric ligation, 0.6 mol/L HCl and 90% ethanol produced significant action against acid secretion 49.3 ± 0.49 vs 12.0 ± 0.57, P < 0.001. Pre-treatment with various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn showed highly -significant activity against gastric ulcers 37.1 ± 0.87 vs 12.0 ± 0.57, P < 0.001. Extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn. 375 mg/kg body weight clearly shows a protective effect against acid secretion and gastric ulcers in ibuprofen plus pyloric ligation, 0.6 mol/L HCl induced and 90% ethanol-induced ulcer models.

Nausea and Vomit:

This herb has been known to contain a refreshing aroma and hence is one of the quickest remedies for nausea. If you are not looking to burn leaves, you can also crush dry leaves and inhale the scent from those for a similar effect. Wild Mint in capsule form or prepared as a tea also relieve nausea and indigestion.

Motion Sickness:

The stimulating, refreshing and energizing aroma of Mentha oil makes it an effective remedy in controlling vomiting (for which it is called as vatihari in Ayurveda, means one that prevents vomiting), bloating and nausea especially during travel.

Wearing 2 drops of Mentha oil to your hankie or a tissue and inhaling the uplifting aroma while travelling can pacify the digestive system and protect you from the inconveniences of puking on the go.

Diarrhea:

Wild Mint is extensively used for its digestive benefits, mainly for diarrheal disorders.

In one study, Mentha arvensis essential oil was found to inhibit diarrhea in rats by preventing intestinal hyperactivity and hyper-secretion associated with the condition.

Another study considered the applications of Wild Mint in hyperactive gut disorders, and it was found that crude Mentha longifolia extract inhibited spontaneous gut contractions due to its calcium-channel blocking activity.

Respiratory Conditions:

High intensity aroma of this herb is known to be effective in clearing the congestion occurring in nose as well as throat. It is also one of the most effective cures for treating respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Yerba Buena tea can help eliminate infections as well as reduce phlegm and mucus found in our respiratory tracts.

Steam inhalation with 2 drops of Mentha oil and 2 drops of Eucalyptus oil followed by a gentle massage with this blend added to your mild vaporizing cream can help in opening up blocked nasal and bronchial passages, clearing congestion by loosening the phlegm and mucous deposits, relieving headache associated with sinusitis and migraine and in relieving fever, runny nose, itchy eyes and other associated symptoms of cold.

Cold and Flu:

The minty scent and flavour of Yerba Buena is used in vaporizers to unclog the nasal passage due to accumulation of phlegm and helps to relieve inflammation. It also acts as an expectorant. Fresh or dried Wild mint herbs can be used for preparing yerba buena tea for tackling cold, fever and cough.

Sinus:

It is also due to the menthol content that Yerba Buena can soothe a congested sinus. The menthol acts as an agent that helps the airflow in our nose.

Asthma:

This herb’s minty scent can help calm the muscles in the respiratory system, which will help reduce asthma attacks. The scent can come from extracted oil as used in vaporizers or by burning the leaves and inhaling the fumes.

A 2017 Study "Anti-Asthmatic Effect of Combined Yerba Buena and Oregano" in Acta Medica Philippina Vol 51, No 2 evaluated the combined anti-asthmatic effect of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Mentha arvensis and Coleus amboinicus in asthma-induced mice using immunoglobulin E (IgE). The extracts showed a potential benefit in the treatment of asthma as evidenced by a significant (p<0.001) anti-inflammatory effect on IgE, with histopath evidenced of widening of the alveoli on treated mice.

Pain & Inflammation:

The minty and relaxing effect of Yerba Buena is used as a topical aid in alleviating the pain. The aches that can be soothed by Wild Mint include headaches, toothache, abdominal pains, menstrual cramps, joint pain, gout and various types of arthritis. Mentha arvensis provides potent analgesic action and is used externally in rheumatism, neuralgia and headaches. In an herbal liniment where it was combined with four other medicinal plants, the liniment was found effective in ligament or muscle injury pain (sprains, strains, spasms, tennis elbow, etc), less so in osteoarthritis of the joint and periarthritis of the shoulder. No adverse reactions were reported. Efficacy was noted better in synergism with oral or parenteral analgesics.

Studies reveal that Yerba Buena leaves contain analgesic properties thus can be used for relieving pain. The leaves concoction can be used for treating stomach ache, toothache and headache.

In a study, the application of this herb in oil form was effective in treating headache. Not only does this herb possess a cooling property, it can also improve blood flow.

For analgesic purposes, boil a handful of yerba leaves with a cup of water for 15 mins. Allow the drink to cool down before drinking. Repeat the process every 3 to 4 hours for relief. A gentle massage with 5 drops of Mentha oil, 3 drops of Ginger oil with 4 ounce of Evening primrose oil can assist in reducing pain by causing numbness in the aching area, eliminating toxic remains and surplus fluids by promoting frequent sweat and urination and soothing the tensed muscles and nerves.

Bone & Muscle Related Disorders:

Joint Pain:

Those suffering from arthritis have found that this herb’s analgesic properties help provide pain relief. Similarly, it has been found to aid in recovering from injuries and illnesses. To aid in pain relief, it can be ingested as a tea or applied to wounded areas topically.

Rheumatism:

The leaves can be squeezed and used for treating rheumatism and arthritic pain. The squeezed leaves can also be mixed with eucalyptus essential oil before being applied to the affected body parts.

Women's Health Issues:

Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea):

Yerba Buena tea can be taken during menstrual period to stop dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). The leaves can serve as an antispasmodic herbal drug and as such can be used to relieve the body from spasm of involuntary muscle.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):

A 2023 study "Histological and molecular evaluation of Mentha arvensis extract on a polycystic ovary syndrome rat model" published in JBRA Assist Reprod., by Golnoosh Sharafieh, Fatemeh Salmanifarzaneh, Negin Gharbi, Fatima Masoomi Sarvestani, Fatemeh Rahmanzad, Mehdi Razzaghshoar Razlighi, Azizollah Bakhtari, Nazanin Nazari, aimed to investigate the impact of Mentha arvensis on a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. The PCOS rat model was made by the daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (250mg/kg) for 21 days. Thirty rats were divided into five groups, including a healthy control group and four PCOS groups treated with various concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of Mentha arvensis (0, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg). LH and FSH were measured in the blood. The ovaries were used for histological investigation, Cyp17 and Ptgs2 genes expression and total antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated that the level of LH and FSH hormones in treated PCOS rats with various concentrations of M. arvensis were reduced in comparison with the untreated PCOS group (p>0.01). Mentha arvensis in the highest concentration (200mg/kg) decreased the number of cysts in this group in comparison with the untreated PCOS group (p<0.01). The expression of Cyp17 and Ptgs2 genes in the treated group with the highest concentration of hydroalcoholic extract were decreased in comparison with the untreated PCOS group (p<0.05). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity in the rats receiving Mentha arvensis hydroalcoholic extract was significantly increased in comparison with that from the untreated PCOS rats (p<0.05). For the first time, Mentha arvensis hydroalcoholic extract proved to reduce some polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms. In the present experiment, a dose of 200mg/kg of Mentha arvensis hydroalcoholic extract was regarded as the most efficient dose.

Nipple Sore:

During breast feeding process your nipple can be severally affected. This herb is known to contain certain compounds which helps in treating issues such as cracked nipples as well as any pain which has occurred during the process.

In The International Breastfeeding Journal suggests lane ways consume mint water to prevent cracking of the nipple and nipple pain at first lactating mothers.

Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy (Morning Sickness):

Inhaling the scent of burning Yerba Buena can help reduce nausea, morning sickness or fainting, especially for women in the early stages of pregnancy.

Men's Health Issues:

Contraceptive Agent:

A 2001 study "Antifertility investigation and toxicological screening of the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. in male albino mice" published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology of the ether extract of Wild Mint on male mice, at the doses 10 and 20 mg/mouse per day for 20, 40 and 60 days, showed reduction of number of offspring, with decrease in testes weight, sperm count and motility, among others. The results suggest that the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Mentha arvensis possess reversible antifertility property without adverse toxicity in male mice. Results also suggest that the ether extract of Wild Mint possess reversible antifertility properties. All induced effects returned to normalcy within 30 days of withdrawal of 60-day treatment.

Infections:

Antibacterial:

A 2009 study showed extracts of Mentha arvensis could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying activity, such as in the case of aminoglycosides, a new weapon against bacterial resistance to antibiotics, as with chlorpromazine.

Antibacterial (Acinetobacter baumannii):

A 2015 study published in Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research showed dose dependent growth inhibitory effects against Acinetobacter baumannii with MIC and MBC of 23.5 and 72.3 µg/mL, respectively. The mechanism of antibacterial activity may be through induction of lethal cellular damage in the bacterium.

Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus):

A 2009 study "Potentiating effect of Mentha arvensis and chlorpromazine in the resistance to aminoglycosides of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" published in In Vivo by Henrique D M Coutinho, José G M Costa, Edeltrudes O Lima, Vivyanne S Falcão-Silva, José P Siqueira-Júnior, tested the antibiotic resistance-modifying activity of Mentha arvensis against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). In this study an ethanol extract of Mentha arvensis L. and chlorpromazine were tested for their antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics against MRSA strains. A potentiating effect of this extract on gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin was demonstrated. Similarly, a potentiating effect of chlorpromazine on the same aminoglycosides was observed, indicating the involvement of an efflux system in the resistance to these antibiotics. It is therefore suggested that extracts from Mentha arvensis could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying activity, such as in the case of aminoglycosides, constituting a new weapon against bacterial resistance to antibiotics, as with chlorpromazine.

Antibacterial (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella boydii, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus):

A study published in Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis in albino mice showed free radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay, antimicrobial activity against S. typhi, S. paratyphi, S. boydii, S. pyogenes and S. aureus, cytotoxic lethality against brine shrimp nauplii and analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing.

Antibacterial (Antibiotic-Resistant):

A 2008 study "Enhancement of Antibiotic Activity", evaluated Mentha arvensis and chlorpromazine for antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics against strains of Escherichia coli. Study showed a potentiating effect of the extract with gentamicin. Results suggest Wild Mint has potential as a source of plant-derived natural product with resistance-modifying activity and use against bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Similarly, chlorpromazine demonstrated a potentiating effect on kanamycin, amikacin, and tobramycin suggesting involvement of an efflux systems in resistance to the aminoglycosides.

Antifungal:

A 2019 study "Gelatin edible coatings with mint essential oil ( Mentha arvensis): film characterization and antifungal properties" published in Journal Food Sci Technol. by L Scartazzini, J V Tosati, D H C Cortez, M J Rossi, S H Flôres, M D Hubinger, M Di Luccio, A R Monteiro, Wild Mint essential oil was added into gelatin films and antifungal activity was evaluated. Five concentrations of mint essential oil 0, 0.06, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50% (g/g gelatin) were incorporated into gelatin solutions. The films were prepared by casting and characterized for their barrier properties, mechanical resistance, morphology, thermal and antifungal activity. The addition of oil into the solution slightly improved water vapor barrier, increased thickness and opacity, decreased transparency and modified thermal and mechanical properties of films. With addition of oil above 0.38%, the films were effective against the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, indicating an inhibitory activity. Thus, gelatin-based edible films incorporated with mint essential oil showed to be an effective way to inhibit microbial growth on the film surface.

Antifungal (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum):

A 2023 study "Antifungal activity of essential oils and their combinations against storage fungi" published in Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., by Rubens Candido Zimmermann, Carolina Gracia Poitevin, Thaisa Siqueira da Luz, Edson José Mazarotto, Jason Lee Furuie, Carlos Eduardo Nogueira Martins, Wanderlei do Amaral, Roger Raupp Cipriano, Joatan Machado da Rosa, Ida Chapaval Pimentel, Maria A C Zawadneak, aimed to evaluate the fungicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), Baccharis uncinella (Asteraceae), Mentha arvensis (Lamiaceae), Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae), Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), and Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) in the in vitro control of mycotoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium graminearum. EOs' chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a total of 19, 21, 18, 20, 17, and 15 compounds were identified in B. dracunculifolia, B. uncinella, S. officinalis, M. arvensis, M. alternifolia, and C. nardus EOs, respectively. Contact and volatilization bioassays were performed, for which M. alternifolia and C. nardus EOs had the greatest fungicidal effect (> 90%). Therefore, these EOs were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration, medium inhibitory concentration, and sporulation. Effects from the combined use of EOs were also evaluated. EOs interacted in combination, displaying an additive effect against F. graminearum and A. flavus and an antagonistic effect against the remaining isolates. We conclude that C. nardus EO was effective in the control of storage pathogens and that combined EOs can improve their antifungal effects.

Antifungal (Candida albicans):

A 2012 in vitro study on the antimicrobial effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from Mentha arvensis evaluated hydroalcoholic extracts for antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans. Results showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and a potential use for human antifungal use. Results showed no antibacterial effect.

Antifungal (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei):

Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi, frequently caused by Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. Mentha arvensis L. is a herbaceous plant that occurs throughout South America and is used as a tea and in the folk medicine. Wild Mint is one of 13 essential oils that showed anti-candidal activity.

A 2012 study "Anti-Candida activity of Mentha arvensis and Turnera ulmifolia" published in J Med Food by Karla K A Santos, Edinardo F F Matias, Celestina E S Souza, Saulo R Tintino, Maria F B M Braga, Glaucia M M Guedes, Lavouisier F B Nogueira, Edson C Morais, José G M Costa, Irwin R A Menezes, Henrique D M Coutinho, Ethanol extracts from Mentha arvensis and T. ulmifolia were assayed for antifungal activity against strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. No clinically relevant antifungal activity was demonstrated by the extracts, however, a potentiation effect was observed when the extracts were applied with metronidazole against C. tropicalis. Mentha arvensis and Turnera ulmifolia could represent a source of natural products with modifying antifungal activity.

A 2005 study "Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants" published in The Journal of Ethnopharmacology has reported that the essential oils and ethanolic extracts from the leaves and/or roots of 35 medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil were screened for anti-Candida albicans activity.. Essential oils from 13 plants showed anti-Candida activity, including Aloysia triphylla, Anthemis nobilis,Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus,Lippia alba, Mentha arvensis, Mikania glomerata, Mentha piperita, Mentha sp., Stachys byzantina, and Solidago chilensis.. Chemical analyses showed the presence of compounds with known antimicrobial activity, including 1,8-cineole, geranial, germacrene-d, limonene, linalool, and menthol.

A 2000 study published in Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences evaluated ethanol extracts from Mentha arvensis and T. ulmifolia for antifungal activity against strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. The extracts showed no clinically relevant antifungal activity. However, a potential effect was observed when extracts were applied with metronidazole. Results suggest a source of natural products with antifungal modifying activity.

Silver Nanoparticles:

In a 2022 study "Phyto-Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Various Plant Extracts" published in Bioengineering (Basel), by Bilal Ahmad, Li Chang, Usama Qamar Satti, Sami Ur Rehman, Huma Arshad, Ghazala Mustafa, Uzma Shaukat, Fenghua Wang, Chunyi Tong, Aloe vera, Mentha arvensis, Coriandrum sativum, and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extracts were used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by green chemistry. UV-vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize these biosynthesized nanoparticles. The data indicated that the silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and the narrower particle size distribution was at 10-22 nm by maintaining a specific pH. As a short-term post-sowing treatment, Ag-NP solutions of different sizes (10 and 50 ppm) were introduced to mung bean seedlings, and the overall increase in plant growth was found to be more pronounced at 50 ppm concentration. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was also investigated by disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. The zones of inhibition (ZOI) were shown by Escherichia coli (E. coli) (1.9, 2.1, 1.7, and 2 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (1.8, 1.7, 1.6, and 1.9 mm), against coriander, mint, Aloe vera, and lemongrass, respectively. MIC and MBC values of E. coli, and S. aureus ranged from 7 to 8 µg/mL. Overall, this study demonstrates that Ag-NPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agent for the treatment of bacterial infection.

Kidney Disorders:

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):

Plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds that provide them antimicrobial properties, which can be used to develop novel antibiotics. The current research evaluated the antibacterial activity of 6 medicinal plants Sphagneticola calendulacea (Chinese wedelia), Enydra fluctuans (Buffalo spinach), Chenopodium album (Goosefoot), Mentha arvensis (Wild mint), Mimosa diplotricha (Nila grass), and Averrhoa bilimbi (Cucumber tree) against Urinary Tract Infection causing pathogens (Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Pseudmonas spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp.).

In a 2022 study "In-vitro anti-bacterial activity of medicinal plants against Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causing bacteria along with their synergistic effects with commercially available antibiotics" published in New Microbes New Infect., by Mrityunjoy Acharjee, Nagma Zerin, Touhida Ishma, Md Rayhan Mahmud, the bacterial contamination of these plants was evaluated by using their surface-washed water. The combined effects of commercially available antibiotics along with these medicinal plants were also tested. We used the solvent extraction method, conventional cell culture technique, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and disc diffusion method for our analysis. The surface-washed water was contaminated with variable bacteria. The plants displayed notable antibacterial activity against most of the tested bacteria. Ethanol and hot water extract of plants exhibited minimum inhibitory effects, while the methanol extract of plants showed very potent antibacterial activity against most of the bacteria with inhibitory zone diameter up to 14 mm. In the case of combined effects, the zone diameter increased up to 26 mm, which is a significant improvement compared to the individual plant extracts. This data suggested that the combination of two antibacterial agents, one natural and the other synthetic, would be more efficient in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria than a single monotherapy of either of the antibacterial agents.

Oral Diseases:

Popular toothpaste brands use Yerba Buena for preparing natural toothpaste and dental care. If you are also searching for good toothpaste for whitening teeth, look out for the one with yerba buena. Both yerba buena and other herbs can serve as natural ingredients in mouthwash.

Wild Mint has shown to help in whitening teeth as well as keeping your breath fresh. This herb has been known to be effective in promoting the health of mouth. Due to its germicidal properties this herb has been known to be effective in clearing any bacteria present in the mouth and hence prevents bad breath as well as cavities from occurring.

Mixing 2 drops of Mentha oil and 1 drop of Lemon oil in a cup of warm water for gargling, preferably twice (morning and night) in a day after brushing can help in healing mouth sores and bleeding gums. It also assists in refreshing the breath and treat cavities, gingivitis (gum inflammation) etc.

Bad Breath (Halitosis):

One of the practical Wild Mint plant benefits is its ability to get rid of bad breath. While others choose to mix it with essential oils, like tea tree oil, drinking the tea is often enough to achieve fresher breath. Wild Mint is widely used in commercial mouth washes or flavouring for gums and candies.

Mouth Germs:

Wild Mint is chewed to treat toothache and a decoction can be gargled to treat mouth sores and ulcers, gum disease and even swollen tonsils and sore throats.

Skin & Hair Condition and Care:

Wild Mint has long been used to improve the tone of the skin and widely used to treat acne breakouts, removal of black heads, lightening of dark spots and dry skin. Wild Mint leaves consists of vitamins E and D that are very good for maintaining healthy skin. In this case, used to help renew dead skin or skin that is not good. Besides the benefits of salicylic acid, which is very useful in the process of replacement of skin cells that have been damaged. So that the skin is growing afterward become healthier and appear fresh.

As it’s chockfull with antioxdants that are good for your skin, drinking Yerba Buena can help improve your skin quality while eliminating free radicals, soothing inflammation, and reducing wrinkles. antibacterial and antifungal properties. Yerba Buena oil is used to treat various skin infections and conditions that include eczema, insect bites, scars and wounds, burns, scabies, ringworms and other skin infections.

The juice which is derived from the leaves of mint is known to act as an excellent cleanser and is utilised for the purpose of removing skin inflammations as well as any skin infections. Applied on face this herb tends to reduce any sort of pimples as well as acne from growing.

You can add 2 drops of Mentha arvensis oil with 2 drops of Lavender oil and 1 ounce of Jojoba oil and dab externally for treating pimples, wounds, cuts, abrasions, itching, candida and other inflammatory conditions of the skin.

Consult with your Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare professional before selecting the appropriate essential oils for your individual constitution and health condition. Care should be taken in using essential oils if you are pregnant or nursing. Keep essential oils away from children.

Pimples:

Pimples? No more panics as Mentha arvensis promises in clearing excess oil, sebum, dirt and other harmful microbes in the sebaceous glands. It controls the secretion of sebum and allows the skin to nurture from within. Skin impurities are again a symbol of ama or toxic deposits in the system. Ayurveda states that about 70% of the toxic elements in the body are discarded through exhalation.

Just rush to add 2 drops of Mentha arvensis oil with 1 drop of Rosemary oil in your burner in the early hours of the day during your Pranayama or the technique of conscious breathing. As it penetrates deeply with its light and subtle qualities, the therapeutic values of Mentha arvensis oil pass through the nasal passages in the form of aromatic molecules and reach the limbic system (control center of the brain). You can experience the difference in the texture of skin after regular practice of Pranayama with Mentha arvensis magic, as all the microbes and toxic substances are washed out during slow and steady exhalation.

Skin Allergies:

This herb is known to contain germicidal as well as anti-bacterial properties and therefore tends to reduce any symptoms associated with allergies and infections. Wild Mint leaves are excellent in controlling allergic skin. For those who often suffer from skin allergies, you should try to add a mint leaf on the food they consume. This is because the mint has a substance that can help in controlling and eliminating the fungus and bad bacteria. Given that control allergies that will attack the skin becomes more controllable.

Atopic Dermatitis:

The mechanism of atopic dermatitis is modulated by the release of cytokines and chemokines through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Topical steroids are used to treat atopic dermatitis, but some people need safer anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid side effects. Mentha arvensis has been used as a herbal plant with medicinal properties, but its anti-inflammatory effects have not been elucidated in an atopic dermatitis model.

A 2021 study "Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Exerts Anti-Inflammatory in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses via Inhibition of ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Anti-Atopic Dermatitis-like Effects in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobezene-Induced BALB/c Mice" published in Antioxidants (Basel) by So-Yeon Kim, Sang-Deok Han, Minju Kim, Tamanna Jahan Mony, Eun-Seok Lee, Kyeong-Min Kim, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Sun Hee Hong, Ji Woong Choi, Se Jin Park, investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Mentha arvensis essential oil and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT cells (human epidermal keratinocyte). Additionally, we examined the ameliorating effects of the Mentha arvensis essential oil in a dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced murine model of atopic dermatitis. We found, in both RAW 264.7 cells and HaCaT cells, Mentha arvensis essential oil inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, due to the suppression of COX-2 and i-nitric oxide expression. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, we also observed that Mentha arvensis essential oil inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and P65. Furthermore, Mentha arvensis essential oil treatment attenuated atopic dermatitis symptoms, including the dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal thickness and infiltration of mast cells, in a DNCB-induced animal model of atopic dermatitis. Overall, our findings suggest that Mentha arvensis essential oil exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis effects via inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Mental Health & Behavioural Conditions:

Stress and Depression:

Wild Mint has been known to be one of the natural stimulants which are known to be effective in charging the batteries of the body. This helps in increasing the brain function while at the same time tends to be effective in boosting up your mood and hence cheering you up. Wild Mint tea is taken as a relaxant to combat stress, anxiety and depression. It is also used in vaporizers to calm the body and as scent mixed over baths.

A 2018 study "The Anti-Stress Effect of Mentha arvensis in Immobilized Rats" published in Int Journal Mol Sci. by Weishun Tian, Md Rashedunnabi Akanda, Anowarul Islam, Hae-Dong Yang, Sang-Cheon Lee, Jeong-Ho Lee, Sang-Ki Kim, Yu-Jin Choi, So-Yeon Im, Byung-Yong Park, investigated the anti-stress role of Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis extract in immobilized rats. We studied the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and rats were immobilized for 2 h per day for 14 days using a restraining cage. Mentha arvensis (100 mg/kg) and fermented Mentha arvensis (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats 1 h prior to immobilization. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we determined the rosmarinic acid content of Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis. The generation of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in RAW 246.7 cells were suppressed by both Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis. In rats, Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis notably improved the body weight, daily food intake, and duodenum histology. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide level were gradually decreased by Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis treatment. Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis significantly controlled the stress-related hormones by decreasing corticosterone and β-endorphin and increasing serotonin level. Moreover, protein expression levels of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were markedly downregulated by Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis. Taken together, Mentha arvensis and fermented Mentha arvensis could ameliorate immobilized-stress by reducing oxidative stress, regulating stress-related hormones, and MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathways in rats. Particularly, fermented Mentha arvensis has shown greater anti-stress activities than Mentha arvensis.

A 2010 "Comparative study of Mentha arvensis Linn whole plant extracts for antioxidant and antidepressant activity" published in Planta Med of aqueous extracts in Swiss albino mice showed significant in vitro antioxidant (DPPH, NO, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays) and antidepressant (tail suspension and forced swim tests) activity.

Adding 2 drops of Mentha oil, 1drop of Vetiver oil and 1 drop of Patchouli oil in your vaporizer, burner or diffuser especially during Pranayama, meditation and prayers can grant in opening, relaxing, clearing and activating all the associated chakras or the points of subtle energy.

This rewards the power of overcoming loneliness, negative emotions and helps in exhibiting the supremacy of being a self-confident, legitimate, intellectual, cool-headed, fearless and productive person. This also helps in enhancing your concentration power, treat memory loss and vent out your hatred feelings and jealousy. You can also add this blend in your bath or in your aromatic candles before bedtime.

Dizziness:

The leaves can be squeezed and placed over the nose for 10 to 20 mins. During this period, the fresh droplets from the leaves are gradually inhaled to stop dizziness.

Neurological Health & Nerve Diseases:

Neuroprotective:

A 2022 study "Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway" published in BMC Complement Med Ther. by Md Sadikul Islam, Ha-Young Shin, Yeo-Jin Yoo, Eui-Yong Lee, Ryunhee Kim, Young-Jin Jang, Md Rashedunnabi Akanda, Hyun-Jin Tae, In-Shik Kim, Dongchoon Ahn, Byung-Yong Park, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells. model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbil and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-mediated neurotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were investigated. FMA (400 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days before induction of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of FMA, we implemented various assays such as cell viability assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histofluorescence, and western blot. FMA pretreatment effectively decreased transient ischemia (TI) induced neuronal cell death as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region. The protective effects of FMA extract against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by MTT and LDH assay. Thus, these results demonstrated that neuroprotective activities of FMA might contribute to regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.

Memory Loss:

Wild Mint helps in boosting up the cognitive ability and hence tends to cure or prevent issue such as memory loss which arises primarily due to old age. This herb has been known to increase the mental alertness while at the same time increasing the remembering capacity.

Tumors & Cancers:

Wild Mint has also been studied at length for its cancer-fighting activity.

One study assessed the anticancer activity of the mint varietal, and found it to produce significant anti-mutagenic effects on mammalian cell lines.

In another study, methanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis and Ocimum basilicum produced remarkable cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cell lines. Methanolic extract of Wild Mint, in addition to extracts of two other mint species, was found to have a significant anti-proliferative effect against human cancer cells.

"In vitro anticancer activity of extracts of Mentha Spp. against human cancer cells" of whole plants of Mentha arvensis, Mentha longifolia, Mentha spicata and Mentha viridis at concentration of 100 μg/ml was evaluated against eight human cancer cell lines (breast, colon, glioblastoma, lung, leukemia and prostate) using sulphorhodamine blue (SRB) assay. Methanolic extracts of above-mentioned Mentha Spp. displayed anti-proliferative effect in the range of 70-97% against four human cancer cell lines, however aqueous extracts were found to be active against HCT-116 and PC-3. The results indicate that Mentha Spp. contain certain constituents with cytotoxic properties which may find use in developing anticancer agents.

A 2014 study of Kumar Chandan, Subash Vishwakarma and Caroline Jeba Sheikh Khushbu in "Growth Suppression and Apoptosis" evaluated Mentha arvensis for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line (Hep G2 cell line). Results showed Wild Mint significantly suppresses growth and induces apoptosis.

Breast Cancer:

A 2017 study about "Silver Nanoparticles / Anti-Breast Cancer" reported on the cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of green silver nanoparticles (GSNPs) using a leaf extract as reducing agent. Results suggest GSNPs synthesized using M. arvensis has potential as anticancer agent in breast cancer therapy. They are less toxic and nonmutagenic and mediate caspase 9-dependent apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Mediated green silver nanoparticles trigger cell death.

Radioprotective:

A 2010 review "Radioprotective potential of mint" in Journal of Cancer Researcdh and Therapeutics Reports on alternative agents that are less toxic that may possess radioprotective effects. Mentha piperita and Mentha arvensis protected mice against y-radiation-induced sickness and mortality. The radioprotective effects may be due to free radical scavenging, antioxidant, metal chelating, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and enhancement of DNA repair processes. Drug was non-toxic up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kbw.

A 2002 study in "Influence of the Leaf Extract of Mentha arvensis on the Survival of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of Gamma Radiation" of Wild Mint extract on mice showed benefit with pretreatment of mice with reduction in the severity of symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality. Study extract on mice showed benefit with pretreatment of mice with reduction in the severity of symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality. Radiation-induced damage to normal tissues restrict the therapeutic doses of radiation that can be delivered to tumors.

Diabetes Mellitus:

A 2019 study "Chemo-biological evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Mentha arvensis L. and its role in inhibition of advanced glycation end products" published in Journal Ayurveda Integr Med. by Sachin B Agawane, Vidya S Gupta, Mahesh J Kulkarni, Asish K Bhattacharya, Santosh S Koratkar, There has been enormous curiosity in the development of alternative plant based medicines to control diabetes, oxidative stress and related disorders. One of the therapeutic approaches is to reduce postprandial release of glucose in the blood. Two key enzymes that are involved in reducing postprandial glucose are α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Mentha arvensis. has been traditionally used by several tribes as a medicinal plant to treat various disorders. Methanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L. leaves showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity (more than 78% μg/μl) and high antiglycation potential (more than 90% inhibition of AGE formation). Methanolic extract also showed remarkable inhibitory effects on α-amylase (more than 50% μg/μl) and α-glucosidase 68% μg/μl and significant inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia in starch induced diabetic Wistar rats. The non-insulin dependent antidiabetic or inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L. leaves was shown by using in vitro and in vivo approaches in the present study.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD):

Due to its rich constituents of antioxidants such as polyphenols, quercetin, caffeic acid and catechin, this herb offers great support to the cardiovascular system.

A 2012 study "Cardiovascular Benefits / Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation" in International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research, Vol 2, Issue 1 evaluated a fraction from crude extract of Mentha arvensis for effects on arachidonic acid metabolism. Wild Mint inhibited arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane B2, a stable analogue of thromboxane-A2. When the Wild Mint was investigated for antiplatelet activity, it inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid as well as ADP and platelet activating factor. Since arachidonic acid-induced aggregation is mediated through thromboxane-A2, results indicate inhibition of platelet aggregation may be responsible for the benefits of Wild Mint in patients with ischemic heart disease. Fractions of Wild Mint may also have potential for isolation of pure compounds with dual inhibition of COX and LOX pathways, which may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions.

Liver Disorders:

Liver Protection (Hepatoprotective):

A 2013 study "Hepatoprotective And Antioxidant Activity Of Ethanol Extract Of Mentha arvensis Leaves Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Damage In Rats" evaluated various extracts of leaves against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Results showed a hepatoprotective effect with significant reductions of liver enzymes almost comparable to silymarin. Hepatoprotection was confirmed by histopathological examination. Phytochemical screening yielded flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic compounds. The elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP and total and direct bilirubin were significantly reduced in extract treated groups when compared to the CCl4 treated control group. The antioxidant study revealed MDA level increased in CCl4 treated group. The groups treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of leaves was significantly increased the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT. Standard drug silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) also shown significant results. By observing the results, the ethanol extract of M. arvensis leaves has shown dose dependent activity.

Endocrine Diseases:

Weight Loss:

Yerba Buena tea is usually taken after meal to improve digestion and burning of fat. If you drink this tea regularly, it can help suppress your appetite as well as promote fat burning, leading to losing some unwanted pounds.

Injuries:

Wounds:

The stems of Wild Mint can be crushed to form a poultice. The poultice can be applied on wounds, bruises, abrasions and cuts for healing. Applying them to scrapes and wounds can help them heal faster.

Nausea and Vomiting After Surgery:

The Journal of Advanced Nursing showed that the Wild Mint leaves as an anti-nausea drug post-surgery.

Immune Diseases:

The catechins and polyphenolic compounds found in this herb can help fight bacteria and viral pathogens.

Alleviates Allergy:

A 2012 study "Phyto-chemical analysis, anti-allergic and anti- inflammatory activity of Mentha arvensis in animals" published in African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology on anti-allergic activity using a histamine inhibitory assay showed the ethanol extracts of leaf and root markedly inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells. On anti-inflammatory testing using a histamine-induced paw edema model, all extracts showed anti-inflammatory effect suggesting the presence of compounds capable of inhibiting histamine release from the mast cells and/or block histamine receptors.

Antioxidants:

Several researchers have discovered Wild Mint to have high antioxidant activity that leads to other health benefits.

One research found particularly high antioxidant activity and free-radical scavenging ability in methanol extract of Wild Mint.

Another study examined ethanol extract of Mentha longifolia and found the extract to protect against crucial types of cell damage. Wild Mint was also found to exhibit markedly high free-radical scavenging activity in an assessment of nine varieties of Mentha species.

A 2019 study "Salicylic Acid and Melatonin Alleviate the Effects of Heat Stress on Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Mentha × piperita and Mentha arvensis L" published in Antioxidants (Basel) by Milad Haydari, Viviana Maresca, Daniela Rigano, Alireza Taleei, Ali Akbar Shahnejat-Bushehri, Javad Hadian, Sergio Sorbo, Marco Guida, Caterina Manna, Marina Piscopo, Rosaria Notariale, Francesca De Ruberto, Lina Fusaro, Adriana Basile was to evaluate changes in the chemical profile of essential oils and antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, Glutathione S-transferases GST, and Peroxidase POX) in Mentha × piperita L. (Mitcham variety) and Mentha arvensis L. (var. piperascens), in response to heat stress. In addition, we used salicylic acid and melatonin, two brassinosteroids that play an important role in regulating physiological processes, to assess their potential to mitigate heat stress. In both species, the heat stress caused a variation in the composition of the essential oils and in the antioxidant enzymatic activity. Furthermore both Salicylic acid and melatonin alleviated the effect of heat stress.

In a 2008 study of plants in the Lamiaceae family "Antioxidant Activity of Coleus Blumei, Orthosiphon Stamineus, Ocimum basilicum and Mentha arvensis from Lamiaceae Family" published in International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 2, the leaves and stems of Ocimum basilicum and Mentha arvensis, using various in vitro antioxidant assays, displayed the highest antioxidant activity. Results showed Ocimum basilicum and Mentha arvensis with more antioxidant activity than Ocimum sanctum.

Insects & Pests:

Insect Bites and Stings:

Yerba Buena leaves can be squeezed and applied on the the body parts bitten by insects. The application relieves the affected body parts from pain and itching.

Repels Aedes aegypti Mosquitos (Dengue - Break-Bone Fever):

Dengue is one of the most dangerous vector-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The use of mosquito repellents to protect human hosts and insecticides to reduce the mosquito population is a crucial strategy to prevent the disease.

A 2021 study "A Preliminary Investigation on the Antiviral Activities of the Philippine Marshmint (Mentha arvensis) Leaf Extracts against Dengue Virus Serotype 2 In Vitro" published in Kobe Journal Med Sci. by Ann Florence B Victoriano-Belvis, Raphaella G Lao, Maria Katrina T Morato, Elmer Casley T Repotente, Shirhasernamin A Saclauso, Samuel Alan B Inovejas, Ronald R Matias, investigated the antiviral activity of lyophilized crude leaf extracts of the Philippine marshmint (Mentha arvensis, commonly called Yerba Buena) against DENV-2 in vitro. The plant specimen was authenticated by DNA barcoding analysis using standard primers for amplification of rbcL, matK, ITS1, ITS2 and trnH-psbA. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol leaf extracts were prepared, and lyophilized prior to testing for its cytotoxicity and antiviral activities. All extracts presented cytotoxic activities against Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. Half maximal cytotoxicity concentration CC50 was calculated at 2,889.60 µg/mL for the aqueous extract, 1,928.62 µg/mL for the methanol extract, and 3,380.30 µg/mL for the ethanol extract. Antiviral activities assessed by plaque reduction assay revealed reduced DENV-2 viral infectivity, with the ethanol extract observed to have the strongest activity decreasing plaque numbers by 62% relative to the control. The methanol extract was observed to be most effective when added before infection causing 72% reduction in plaque numbers, whereas none of the extracts inhibited plaque formation by more than 40% when added after infection. DENV-2 NS1 antigen production was significantly reduced by the methanol extract, while viral RNA levels were also decreased as determined by real time RT-PCR. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, proteins, reducing sugars and saponins. Our preliminary results are promising, however, it should be interpreted with caution as further studies are needed to establish its potential therapeutic application against dengue infection.

A 2020 study "Larvicidal and Repellent Activity of Mentha arvensis L. Essential Oil against Aedes aegypti" published in Insects by Ho Dung Manh, Ong Thi Tuyet, reported larvicidal and repellent activities of Mentha arvensis essential oil against Aedes aegypti, the main vector of the disease. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation from the aromatic plant grown in Vietnam. The yield was 0.67% based on the weight of fresh leaves. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components were menthol 66.04%, menthyl acetate 22.19%, menthone 2.51%, and limonene 2.04%. Toxicity test on Aedes aegypti larvae showed that the median lethal concentrations, LC50 and LC90 were 78.1 part per million and 125.7 ppm, respectively. Besides, the essential oil showed excellent repellency on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. At 25%, 50%, and 100% concentration, the respective complete protection times (CPTs) were 45 min, 90 min, and 165 min. When adding 5% vanillin to the essential oil 25%, the complete protection time of the essential oil increased up to 120 min. In conclusion, the essential oil from Mentha arvensis has been shown to be a promising natural larvicide and repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Repellent Termites:

Wild Mint can serve as a natural repellent for warding off insects and rodents away from the house. Mentha arvensis can be an effective natural anti-termite drug and its use would lessen the risk of environmental contamination associated with synthetic insecticides.

A 2012 study "Fumigant Toxicity of Mentha arviensis Leaves Extracts on Coptotermes heimi, Heterotermes indicola and Their Gut Flagellates" published in Sociobiology Vol. 59, No. 4 evaluated crude extract of leaves of Mentha arvensis for insecticidal activity against termite workers, soldiers, and gut flagellates of Coptotermes heimi and Heterotermes indicola. Results showed a significant increase in mortality of both termite species.

Uses of Wild Mint

Medical Uses of Wild Mint:

Wild Mint, like many other members of this genus, is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, being valued especially for its antiseptic properties and its beneficial effect on the digestion.
In Japan, used as home remedy for coughs and colds.
In Chinese medicine, aerial parts used for colds, influenza, headaches, and sore throat.
In the Philippines, tops and leaves are considered carminative; when bruised used as antidote to stings of poisonous insects.
In Europe, Wild Mint was traditionally used to treat flatulence, digestive problems, gall bladder problems and coughs.
In Ayurveda, Wild Mint is considered as appetizer and useful in gastric troubles.
The Aztecs used it for similar purposes and also to induce sweating and cure insomnia.
Five parts of the plant are used to control phlegm, help menstrual blood to descend, strengthen the kidneys, treat asthma, for liver and spleen diseases, and for inflammation of the joints.
Leaves and stems used as carminative, antispasmodic, and sudorific.
When the whole plant is dried, prevents thirst and fevers, aids digestion and promotes urination.
Plant is used in making medicines to treat gas disorders, distended and bloated stomach, fevers, and muscle twitches.
It can also be boiled and taken to cure stomachaches.
Liquid obtained from leaves can be mixed with honey and licked to cure loose bowels.
They can be boiled and taken to cure inflammation and aching joints, sore throat, and coughing.
Decoction and infusion of leaves and stems used for fever, stomach aches, dysmenorrhea, and diuresis.
Crushed leaves are applied on the forehead and temples for headaches.
Boiled with dried Ginger, they are used to treat colds.
Crushed young leaves are used as an inhaler and to treat a dazed dizzy feeling, and also to clear the brain.
Liquid from the leaf is rubbed on like an ointment to relieve aching eyes.
Powdered dried plant as dentrifice.
Liquid from distilling them can be given to cure stomachaches in children and to treat hypertension.
Mint is used in neuralgic affections, renal and vesical calculus.
They can be chewed and pressed onto a cat’s bite to disinfect it.
Adding leaves to an anti-nausea medicine will speed its action.
Whole plant is anaesthetic, anti-phlogistic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenogogue, galactofuge, refrigerant, stimulant and stomachic.
Tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders and various minor ailments.
Leaves are a classical remedy for stomach cancer.
Leaves are harvested as the plant comes into flower and can be dried for later use
Essential oil in the leaves is antiseptic, though it is toxic in large doses.
Oil was extracted and rubbed into the skin for aches and pains.
Regular consumption helps you to get rid of toxins from the body.
Used for obstinate vomiting of pregnancy.
It relaxes the muscles of the digestive tract, eases the gas passage and relieves Abdominal Pain.
Crushed fresh plants or leaves are sniffed for dizziness.
It reduces cramps and Indigestion.
Mint leaves builds up the healthy immunity and keeps the body free from Infections and Inflammation.
Fresh mint leaves aid for bad breath and cures tooth decay and used as a mouth freshener.
Infusion of leaves used for indigestion, rheumatic pans, arthritis and inflamed joints.
It is best used for acne and cures other skin problems. Its paste removes blackheads, dark circles and pimples.
Paste has skin lightening properties and gets rid of dry skin.
It decreases the hunger, increases the sense of fullness and satisfaction after having meal.
Decoction or vapor from menthol used with Lemongrass as febrifuge. Also used in hiccups.
Used for stomach weakness and diarrhea.
Mint tea and chutney encourages the digestive enzymes and promotes the fat burning process.
It consists of phytochemicals called perillyl alcohol that helps to fight different types of Cancer.
It is an effective cure for the expecting mothers and relieves nausea, indigestion and vomiting that occurs during morning sickness.
Chew and smell the fresh leaves daily morning to get relief from the morning sickness.
It purifies the blood and relieves the muscle cramps.
Diluted essential oil used as wash for skin irritations, burns, pruritus, scabies, ringworm and as mosquito repellent.
Mint eases the pain associated with menses and calms the uterus.
It is consider a golden key to prevent allergy and hay fever.
It eases the problem of cold and cough.
Inhale it through a vaporizer to clear respiratory tract and to relieve respiratory inflammation.
Pounded leaves for insect bites, fevers, toothaches, headaches.
It can also be used to reduce toothaches and swellings of gum.
Plant used as emmenagogue; also used in jaundice.
Dried plant used as dentrifice.
Oil extraction of these leaves is used in the treatments of insomnia and nervous tension.
Alcohol or ether extract used as local anesthetic for affections of the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
An alcoholic solution of menthol has been used as inhalation for asthma. Menthol is also used as local anesthesia for headache and facial neuralgia.

Edible Uses of Wild Mint:

Leaves can be consumed raw or cooked.
A reasonably strong minty flavor with a slight bitterness, they are used as a flavoring in salads or cooked foods.
Used in salads to provide flavor.
Cultivated as a spice for cooking.
Used as a flavoring in confections, mint flavors, and beverages.
Herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.
An essential oil from the plant is used as a flavoring in sweets and beverages.

Other Uses of Wild Mint:

The solid obtained from their oil is used as an additive in toothpaste and soap in order to enhance their properties.
Plant is used as an insect repellent.
Rats and mice intensely dislike the smell of mint.
Plant was therefore used in homes as a strewing herb and has also been spread in granaries to keep the rodents off the grain.
The sub-species Mentha arvensis piperascens produces the best oil, which can be used as a substitute for, or adulterant of, Peppermint oil.
Whole plant has a very strong, almost oppressive, smell of mint.
Flowers are very attractive to bees and butterflies.
Mint extracts and menthol-related chemicals are used in food, drinks, cough medicines, creams and cigarettes.
Mentha arvensis oil is used in soaps, perfumes and other cosmetic products.
It is also used as a fragrance element in detergents.
Due to the distinctive minty flavour and chemical compositions of Yerba Buena, it is often used for producing cosmetics, scents, body creams, fragrances and body wash.
This oil is used in aromatherapy.
Leaves as well as the oil of these plants are used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
The oil and by-product, menthol and dementholized oil (DMO), have highest share in the global mint markets.

Ayurvedic Uses and Benefits of Wild Mint

Acid Reflux: Chew Mint leaves after every meal. / Take out the juice of Tomato. Put one teaspoon Ginger Juice and one teaspoon Field Mint juice in half cup of Tomato juice. Drink once a day. / Prepare a tea by adding Mint leaves and Licorice bark. Drink once a day. / Put some Alfalfa leaves in a cup of boiling water. Add few Mint Leaves. Consume as a tea after every meal.
Acne: Apply fresh juice of Mint on the affected areas. Leave it for half an hour. It is rich in nutrients and has anti-inflammatory effects. It will help in treating Acne, as well as scars left after acne. Apply daily to get good results. / Take equal quantity of the leaves of Mint and Basil. Crush them to make a paste. Add some Lime juice in it. Mix and apply on the Pimples.Acne: Take 1 teaspoon Basil Leaves Powder, 1 teaspoon Mint Leaves Juice and 1 teaspoon Lemon Juice. Mix them. Apply on the face till it dries. Wash with cold water. / Crush fresh leaves of Coriander and Mint together. Apply this paste on acne. Let the paste dry and wash with water.
Age Spot: Grind 15 Mint leaves. Now mash a Banana. Mix both. Apply on the face. Let it dry and wash with fresh water.
Allergy: Take 10 to 12 leaves of Mint each and Basil. Boil in half liter of water. Steam for 5 minutes thrice a week. / If you are allergic to dust, Crush 5 Mint leaves and put in a cup of Yogurt. Take it once a day.
Altitude Sickness: Make decoction of the dried leaves of Mint. Have a cup once a day.
Anorexia: Grind Mint leaves to extract out the juice. Consume a glass of it regularly. It will help to cure anorexia.
Arthritis: Heat some fresh leaves of Mint on low flame. Put it over the affected muscle or joint when warm. / Warm fresh leaves over low flame then pound. Apply pounded leaves while warm on the painful joints or muscles.
Asthma: Take half cup juice of Adhatoda Vasica leaves, Mint leaves, Ginger and Lime. Add 1 cup Carom. Mix well. Leave it under the sun to dry. Grind to make a powder. Preserve it in a container. Take quarter spoon with Honey twice a day for a month.
Bad Breath: Chew 3-4 leaves of Mint daily. / Take dried powdered Mint leaves and use to clean your teeth. Regular application is also useful for strengthening the gums.
Baldness: Mix half cup of Yogurt with One tablespoon each of Olive Oil and powdered Mint. Apply evenly on the scalp at least 1 hour before hair wash. It gives a new shine to your hair and controls hair fall.
Belching: Crush a handful of Mint leaves. Add it to a glass of water. Drink daily for 15 days. / Add 2 tsp. of Blackberry powder and 2 tsp. of Mint in a cup of boiling water. Let it cool. Drink 2-3 times a day. / Take 10 leaves of Mint, 5 gram Ginger and 5 gram Fennel Seeds. Put all ingredients in a glass of water. Boil on low flame. Strain. Have it slowly twice a day after meal.
Blackheads: Mix Turmeric with Mint juice. Apply over the affected areas. Leave it for 20-25 minutes. Wash it off with warm water.
Blemishes: Take fresh Mint leaves. Extract the juice. Apply on the face. Apply again when dries. Wash with cold water. Regular use gives you the desired result.
Blocked Nose: Suck fresh 4 to 5 leaves of Mint. / Have one cup tea of Mint leaves twice or thrice a day. / Boil 5 to 10 leaves of Mint in a bowl of water. Take vapor.
Blood Impurity: Combine equal parts of Alfalfa Leaves, Mint, Stinging Nettle Leaves and Dandelion Leaves. Put One tablespoon of herbs in a cup of water and boil to make a tea. Drink the nourishing blend for Blood Purification.
Body Lice: Scrub the young leaves of the plant on the affected area. It will give you relief from itching.
Body Odor: Add 5 to 6 drops of Mint extract and a half teaspoon of Rose Water in your bathing water. It gives you fresh and odorless day.
Cholera: Grind the root and bark of Sodom to make a fine powder. Add some Ginger juice and Black Pepper. Mix properly to make a thick paste. Make pea sized pills of it. Make a decoction of Cardamom and Mint leaves. Take 1 pill with the decoction after every 2 hours. Use it for 5 days.
Cold: Make an herbal tea by boiling Mint leaves in water. Drink hot. / Prepare a decoction of Cockelburr Fruit, Magnolia Flower, Angelica Root and Mint Leaves. (Caution: Drink once a day only for 3 days. Over dosage may lead to toxicity).
Constipation: Grind 3 leaf buds of Acacia Concinna with 1/4 tsp. Tamarind paste, 2 tsp. Mint leaves and 2 tsp. of Coriander leaves. Add Asafetida, Black Pepper and Salt to taste. Mix it in cooked Rice and eat.
Cough: Boil 6 tbsp of chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 mins; cool and strain. Divide the decoction into three parts; take 1 part 3 times a day.
Dark Circles: Crush some Mint leaves. Apply on the dark areas around the Eyes for 15-20 minutes and rinse. Repeat thrice a week. / Chop a handful of Mint leaves and add juice of ½ Lemon in it. Apply on the Dark areas around your eyes and leave it on for 15-20 minutes. Wash off gently.
Dental Abscesses: You can use either Fresh Leaves of Mint or its Essential oil. Apply it on the affected areas. It contains antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Repeat the process 2 to 3 times in a day.
Eczema: Take fresh Mint leaves. Crush them. Squeeze the crushed leaves to extract its juice. Apply it over the affected area 2 to 3 times a day. Leave it to dry and wash with normal water. / Squeeze and crush Mint leaves to get juice. Add Sandalwood powder. Mix it well to make a paste. Apply it over the affected area and let it dry. Wash with normal water. Repeat as long as the problem persists.
Facial Neuralgia: Take Mint Oil. Put 4 to 5 drops in boiling water. Inhale the vapor.
Flatulence: Take 4 leaves of both Mint and Peppermint. Add half tsp. seeds of each Aniseed and Caraway. Prepare tea with it. Drink once a day. / Take equal quantity of powdered Black Pepper, Powdered Ginger, Powdered Mint Leaves and Powdered Coriander Seeds. Grind them to make powder. Have half teaspoon with lukewarm water twice a day. / Boil 4 tbsp of chopped leaves in 1 cup water for five minutes, strain. Drink the decoction while lukewarm. Facilitates expulsion of flatus.
Gastric Catarrh: Take fresh Mint juice daily to cure Gastric Catarrh.
Gum Disease: Boil some leaves in water for 5-10 minutes. Use as a mouth wash.
Headache: Grind some fresh Mint leaves and apply the paste on your forehead. It is useful in headaches caused by depression or heat.
Heat Exhaustion: Extract the juice of Mint leaves by grinding and squeezing them. Pour 3-4 tablespoons of the juice in one glass of water and add a pinch of sugar in it. Drink it once a day.
Hoarseness: Take 2 Cardamom, ½ teaspoon Fennel, 10 Mint Leaves and quarter teaspoon Lemon juice Boil first three ingredients in a glass of water. Add Lemon juice and one teaspoon of Honey. Have 2 tablespoons after every 4 hours. / Take 2 fresh leaves of Mint and a small piece of Ginger. Chew them together once a day.
Hyper Pigmentation: Make a paste of Mint leaves. Apply it over the affected area and wash after 15 minutes.
Immunity Booster: Add 2 cutted Kiwi Fruits with 1 Lemon, some leaves of Parsley, 2 to 3 leaves of Mint and a half teaspoon of Honey into a half glass of water, Blend all together. Drink this mixture daily. This healthy juice will enhance your immunity.
Indigestion: Take combined mixture of White poplar, Balmony, Aniseed and Golden Seal for treatment of indigestion / Take 100 gram Mint, 100 gram Coriander, 2 or 3 Onions, One Tomato and 5 to 6 Chili. Put them in a grinder. Grind them properly. Have it with your food. (Attention: This chutney is very beneficial for digestive system. Take it whole life). / Mix equal quantities of Aniseed, Caraway, Dill and Fennel. Add dried Mint leaves in it. Steep 1 tsp. in ½ cup of boiling water. Take 30 Minutes before a meal. / Take half teaspoon juice of each Mint leaves and Lemon. Mix and take it with Honey. / Boil 7-8 leaves of Basil and Mint. Strain and drink this water to get relief from Indigestion. / Boil some Alfalfa leaves or Seeds along with Mint leaves in a cup of water. Drink Luke warm after every meal.
Insect Bites: Apply the leaf juice on the affected area. / Rub the crushed leaves on the affected part.
Insomnia: Take equal quantities of Dill, Mint and Fennel. Soak 1 tsp. in ½ cup boiling water. Take with Honey at bed time.
Jaundice: Take 1 tablespoon of Lemon Juice, 1 tablespoon of Mint juice and 1 tablespoon of Ginger juice. Add ½ teaspoon of Honey to all 3 juices. Mix them well. Take 1 table spoon of this combo 2 times in a day. This will help to deal with jaundice.
Leucoderma: Take a hand full of Neem leaves and Mint leaves. Add 2 big spoons of Aloe Vera gel to the mixture. Apply on the affected area and leave it for 20 minutes. Repeat the process 2 times in a day.
Lung Disease: Take One tablespoon each of Mint leaf Juice and Carrot juice. Add some Honey and take on an empty stomach in the morning for a few weeks. It strengthens the lungs.
Memory Enhancer: Boil Mint leaves for 8 minutes. Add 2 ml Black Cumin oil in it. Use it regularly for 1 month.
Menstrual Disorders: Mix fresh Mint leaves juice with Honey in equal quantity. Consume it 30 minutes after meals twice a day.
Morning Sickness: Boil a handful of Mint leaves in some water and inhale the fumes to get relief. / Take One tablespoon each Lemon juice, Mint leaf juice and Honey. Add half tablespoon chopped Ginger. Mix well and drink twice a day.
Mouthwash: Soak 2 tbsp chopped leaves in 1 glass of hot water for 30 minutes; strain. Use the infusion as mouthwash.
Nausea: Apply the crushed Mint leaves at nostrils of the patient.
Nerve Disorders: Take equal quantity of Valerian Root, Field Mint Leaves, Chamomile Flowers, Caraway Seeds and Basil Leaves. Put all in a jar. Grind. Add one teaspoon in one cup hot water. Keep for 20 to 25 minutes and drink twice a day.
Obesity: Boil some Mint leaves in water. Cool. Add salt and crushed Black Pepper in it. Drink thrice a day. / Take 1 to 2 tablespoons of grated Ginger, 1 sliced Cucumber, 1 sliced Lemon and ½ cup of fresh Mint leaves. Take 5 to 6 cups of water. Add all the above herbs in it. Stir well. Keep it in the refrigerator for a night. Drink it next day. Have it 2 to 3 times a day. (Note: Make a fresh infusion for every day). / Blend 2 leaves of Mint, some fresh leaves of Parsley, a half teaspoon of Honey, half Lemon and 2 Kiwi Fruits with a glass of fresh water. Daily intake of this juice will help you in reducing your weight.
PCOS: Boil 4 to 5 fresh Mint leaves in water and have this tea every day.
Peeling Skin: Crush fresh Mint leaves. Squeeze the juice. Apply over affected parts before going to bed. Rinse in the morning.
Phlegm: Take the leaves of Mint and Eucalyptus in equal quantity. Boil in 2 liters of water. Remove from heat and take steam.
Piles: Take a decoction of Mint, Honey, Ginger and Sweet Lime for a cooling effect in Piles and to stay away from toxins.
Rheumatoid: Chop the fresh Mint leaves and squeeze the juice. Mix a few drops of Eucalyptus oil. Massage gently on the painful parts.
Sallow Skin: Take fresh Mint leaves. Crush them. Apply over affected areas. Let it dry. Rinse with normal water. / Dry Mint leaves. Crush to make powder. Take a teaspoon of powder. Add Yogurt or Rose Water to make paste. Apply over affected parts. Let it dry. Rinse with normal water. It gives you light complexion and glow.
Scarlet Fever: Add 4-5 crushed Mint leaves in one cup of water. Boil it. Simmer for 10 minutes. Strain and drink it twice daily.
Sinusitis: Take 10 Cloves, 10 Field Mint leaves and 10 Eucalyptus leaves. Boil in one liter water. Inhale the steam twice a day. (Attention: You may take steam of simple water, if these ingredients are not available).
Skin Diseases: Crush Mint leaves to make paste. Apply it over infected areas.
Stomachache: Take One teaspoon each of Mint juice and lime juice. Add Ginger and one pinch of black salt to taste. Drink. / Take equal quantity of Dry Ginger, Black Pepper, Roasted Cumin Seeds, Dry Mint Leaves, Coriander, Asafetida, Garlic and Rock Salt and make powder. Have one tablespoon after meals. / Take fresh Mint leaves. Crush. Extract the juice. Add half teaspoon Lemon juice in one teaspoon of Mint juice. Have it twice a day. / Prepare decoction from Mint leaves. Drink a cup 3 times a day.
Stomach Problems: Use a teaspoon of dried, or a small handful of fresh leaves for each cup of tea. Boil a handful of Mint leaves in a cup of water. Drink the tasty and healthy tea for stomach problems.
Strangury: Prepare tincture of Mint Leaves. Take 2 teaspoons once a day.
Tonsillitis: Boil a handful of Mint leaves in a cup of water till is reduced to half. Add some Honey for taste and drink warm. Use this herbal remedy thrice a day for a few days.
Toothache: Prepare a decoction of Mint leaves in two glasses of water. Strain. Take ¼ th glass 2-3 times a day. / Wet a small piece of cotton with juice expressed from crushed leaves; apply this impregnated cotton bud to the tooth. / Boil 6 tbsp. of leaves in two glasses of water for 15 minutes; strain and cool. Divide the decoction into 2 parts and take every 3 to 4 hours.
Vomiting: Take one teaspoon Juice of each of Basil leaves, Field Mint and Aniseed. Mix juices and have it. / Take Lime juice, Mint juice in equal quantity and add Ginger juice in half quantity. / Mix half tsp. each of Lime juice and Mint juice. Add quarter tsp. Ginger juice with 1 tsp. Honey in it. Have it once a day. It helps in stopping the vomiting.
Wrinkles: Extract the juices of 4-5 fresh Mint leaves, half teaspoon of Rose Water and 4-5 pieces of Cucumber. Soak the cotton ball in the juice and apply on the wrinkles. Leave it for 15 minutes. Wash it with warm water.
Yellow Teeth: Take 1 tablespoon Almond Peels Powdered, 1 tablespoon dried Mint leaves powdered and ½ tablespoon common salt. Mix all ingredients. Keep in a bottle. Use it daily to rub your teeth once a day before brush.

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